Business Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Field-tested strategy - Essay Example ............................................page 4 5). BUSINESS AIMS..............................................................................................page 5 6). BUSINESS OBJECTIVES..............................................................................page 5-6 7). BUSINESS PRODUCTS AND SERVICE.......................................................page 6-7 8). Showcasing MIX............................................................................................page 7 9). Hindrances TO ENTRY....................................................................................page 7-8 10). Meaning OF TARGET MARKET.........................................................page 8-9 11). BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT..........................................................................page 9-10 12). Contender ANALYSIS.............................................................................page 10-11 13). Promoting PLAN....................................................... .................................page 11-12 14). OPERATIONAL PLAN....................................................................................page 12-14 15). Money related PLANNING AND FORECASTS..............................................page 14-15 16). Hazard MANAGEMENT.....................................................................................pag 15 17). HUMAN RESOURCE ISSUES........................................................................page 15-16 18). ... Licensed innovation MANAGEMENT†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦page 20 22). CONCLUSION†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...page 20-21 1). Official SUMMARY This strategy is intended to make sure about financing for my thought, which is essentially an eatery and cookery school in Leicester city as well as encompassing towns in the United Kingdom. It covers the accompanying themes: the business thought, business vision, a statement of purpose, points, goals, the item or administration, promoting blend, boundaries to passage, a meaning of target advertise, the business condition, contender investigation, showcasing plan, operational arrangement, money related arranging and estimates, chance administration, human asset issues, structure technique, time the board, potential multi year advancement plan and licensed innovat ion the executives. I am looking for cash from potential financial specialists, business guides, and bank administrators who will see this strategy. Consequently, in this field-tested strategy, the accompanying key inquiries are tended to: 1). How much speculation do I require?; 2). What rate value am I offering as a byproduct of the speculation?; 3). By what method will the financial specialists acquire an arrival on their speculation?; 4). What is the potential budgetary leave methodology for the financial specialists? The strategy gives the response to all these significant subjects and questions. 2). THE BUSINESS IDEA The business thought of Extensively British eatery and cookery school originates from its owner’s dream. It will be a 100 seat eatery with a 20 seat parlor, and 2 spaces for guidance with a limit with respect to 30 understudies yearly. Its specialization is British cooking with an Italian touch. The understudies will take classes from the cookery school, so the café and cooking courses will be in a similar spot. It

Kfc Inventory and Process Management

Manipal Institute Of Management, Manipal| OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT| KFC Inventory And Process Management| | Group 7 Section B| Roll No. | Name| Signature| 121202070| Niranjan N Naik| | 121202081| Binay Kumar Sahoo| | 121202031| Ribu Roby| | 121202050| Julian Joel Roche| | 121202120| Dhanush Patel| | 121202122| Suraj Pereira| | Submitted to: Yogesh Pai Date: 16/03/2013 Contents INTRODUCTION1 Logistics1 Inventory Storage2 PROCESS3 Cleaning4 Disposal5 Conclusion5 INTRODUCTIONKFC Corporation is situated in Louisville, Kentucky, and is the world's most well known chicken eatery network. KFC and its diversified workers are in excess of 200 thousand, everywhere throughout the world. It is the world’s biggest and most well knownâ fast nourishment eatery ideally known as chicken restautants. Their eateries are served in 109 nations and regions around the globe. The investigation is done on a drive-through eatery and the examination done on stock administration and procedure in kitchen. T he investigation is confined to KFC utlet present in Manipal. The motivation behind the investigation was to comprehend the procedure of the association and with the fulfillment of this venture we have discovered that how activities Management Strategies assumes significant job in accomplishing an authoritative objectives. The eatery follows Just In Time (JIT) and First In First Out (FIFO) to oversee stock. Stock, is partitioned into three kinds comprising of Daily, Weekly and Monthly stock. The day by day stock comprises quick moving items like Krushers, Non-veg things, ice-creams.Here the requests are put by the stock office consistently after the eatery closes for clients. The necessity sheets are dispatched inorder to put in the request and items are moved from stock. The week after week stock comprises of Dry stockpiling things like removal plates ; types of gear and plans expected to cook. The necessity sheet is dispatched while setting request which is set each Thursday and t he items arrive at the outlet to the maximum by Monday or Tuesday.The month to month stock comprises of point by point stock confirmation of the things present in the store and the items arranged off due too non utilization on arriving at the standard time are likewise recorded. The update of stock confirmation is done through site and once refreshed its last and no progressions should be possible by the staff, if in the event that there are transforms they call up the head quarters and make the important changes. Coordinations The items/merchandise are shipped from Bangalore stockroom through street transport. The outlet doesn't buy from some other neighborhood vendors for any items.In ordinary procedure, the truck arrives at the outlet on Monday or Tuesday between 9am to 11am. Before moving the items to capacity the 3stage procedure is followed, from the start the temperature is estimated which ought to be between (- 18oC to - 23oC) , then expiry date of the item is confirmed and finally the nature of the item is checked by means of Tell-Through machine. Anytime of the this 3steps any one stage isn't upto the principles the items are sent back to distribution center. If there should be an occurrence of earnest stock from the time they place they take 2days to get the stock by means of dispatch. Stock StorageKFC actualizes diverse capacity for various items comprising of dry stockpiling, cold stockpiling (solidified) for non-veg things, chill stockpiling and cold stockpiling for veg items. Dry stockpiling comprises of things like cleaning items, Disposable plates spoons towels, plans and so on. The items are put away at room temperature. Cold stockpiling comprises of veg items, cold beverages, water and so on put away at temperature (- 1oC to - 4oC). Cold stockpiling fr non-veg items are put away at temperature (- 180C to - 23oC) wher the item legitimacy is 6months. More seasoned clumps are put at the front.Items are set in basic rack framework and quick movi ng things are put in a such way that they are effectively available. The items are moved in FIFO strategy. Chiller stockpiling are put away in temperature of (- 1oC to - 40C). It’s a non-veg defrosting room. Stores new item and solidified item (for defrosting) is put here. Solidified item once removed from cooler can't be returned (terminate time 12 hours). Things are put in rack framework set alongside time label put with it. Procedure Here the things are moved from cold stockpiling to the chiller are put for defrosting and defrosting with room temperature of (- 1oC to - 4oC).Frozen item once removed from cooler to chiller can't be put back. When the term of 12 hours are done things/parcels are evacuated out and goes to the cleaning procedure. The span of cleaning depends from staff to staff for the most part on a normal 5-10 minutes are required. After the things are cleaned, it is set in a Marinator where essential masalas are blended. The machine takes 10minutes and makes 300 revolutions. When the things are marinated there is a requirement for the items to retain the masala so they are saved for ingestion in a procedure called Aging which takes 2 hours.After that the items need to get a layer for themselves so they go through a procedure of Breading. Based on necessity cooking is finished. Cooking comprises of 3 sorts: Grilled, Fried and Baked. The term of things which are barbecued is a little ways from the time it is prepared. Singed and Baked things span is 2 hours from the time it is prepared. Flame broiled and prepared things are cooked in a small scale stove called â€Å"Convotherm†. After that the items are set in an oil dry machine which retains oil from the dishes which requires some investment term of 1 †2 minutes.At last the readied things are moved to show rack where they are put in plate alongside a label which decides the time and life expectancy of the thing. There is a period guardian who keeps record of the term and exp iry of items. On the off chance that any of the items are not expended till the expiry of term there is a stage is taken to discard those nourishment things as wastage. The removal things are recorded and afterward arranged. Its honey bee said to us that for each 1 lakh worth stock, organization sets a standard of Rs. 1000 diposal squander as free as there are each opportunity of wastage anytime of time by human blunder. On the off chance that at all the breaking point surpasses Rs. 000 there is a need to record it and report it to the interest director and furthermore be referenced in the month to month stock. To the extent our examination we discovered that there is a wastage of 6000-7000 for RS. 1,00,000 stock. So as to diminish the wastage and arranging things which at present is a finished waste in purpose of cost, the outlet can make a few declarations when the nourishment things are close to their expiry expressing purchase this specific nourishment item in matter of 15minute s and get markdown of certain percent as rebate with the goal that they could decrease the wastage and cause certain rate as benefit rather than squander. Client satisfaction is our bliss and any client ought not leave the outlet unsatisfied†. Things like Krushers and frozen yogurts are set up on request. The standard time once a client puts in a request, the nourishment should be conveyed in 1 moment. At present in the outlet they take 5-6 minutes on a normal to convey the request. On the off chance that anytime of time the nourishment requested by client isn't arranged or is in process the staff needs to convey the nourishment in time of 15minutes, on the off chance that they neglect to do so they should take each potential measures are to be taken to keep the client happy.Steps like giving chocolates to clients or a sweet grin or giving free things as complimentary and so forth is finished. During the jam-packed hours there is a need to have 1 aide each for 3 clerks, 2 indi viduals chipping away at juice and frozen yogurt area with the goal that they can work successfully and lessen the holding up time and keep the clients increasingly fulfilled. Cleaning Concealed seepage are set on floor for simpler cleaning. With regards to cleaning of vessels, they follow 3 steps.First the vessels are washed with substance water and afterward Sanitized with heated water with temperature of (32oC to 38oC) and finally they are Rinsed with typical and kept to dry. At present the cleaning territory has just one passage and the request for steps are synthetic wash, flush and purify there is a need to change this by having two passageway for cleaning region and request in consecutive request of concoction wash sterilize and flush. This will diminish the matter of plates tumbling from hand and making harm while moving from concoction wash sanitize.Disposal Each counter has a different removal canister. All removal gathered in one removal unit. Removal sack is then taken t o open removal territory behind the eatery to be gathered by metropolitan. Determination From a straightforward thought, and basic experience, Harland Sandards began his fantasy, that had been developed and got one of the most well known café among the world. Altruism picture, Loyalty, Spread, are 3 of the most significant markers of KFC prevalence. Efficirnt use of room and all asset has diminished their cost.

How to Use the College Board College Search Tools

The front page of the College Boards College Search tool. The College Board doesnt just help you get into school It can help you find the  right school through its powerful college search tools. Today, well take a look at the College Boards primary college search tool the appropriately named College Board  College Search. To use the College Board college search tools, start on the Big Future homepage All of the College Board college search tools are part of the College Board Big Future website. And theres a lot more to Big Future than just its  College Search tools. Big Future is also full of news articles, tips, tricks, and testimonials from other students. This  information is designed to help you think about your own academic future and the decisions youll soon be making. Check out Big Futures articles and videos before you use the College Board college search tools. Big Future features quite a few college prep advice sections. These educational pages link to articles, video lessons,  and testimonials from students, teachers, and test-takers. All of this content gives you valuable information that you should be thinking about as you search for schools. Each  page  of Big Future content acts as a tutorial for a different aspect of getting into a good school. The Know Yourself tutorial helps you figure out which schools will be right for you personally, based on your  learning needs and long-term goals. The module for Building a Support Network is similarly personal it helps you figure out how to get assistance from family, friends, mentors, and community organizations as you prepare for your academic career. Other Big Future pages, such as Applying 101, Financial Aid 101,  and College 101,  teach you the basic facts of college entrance, college funding, and college study. And these are just a few examples. Be sure to explore Big Future as you start to think about what kind of school youd like to find and apply to. The College Board College Search Tool: What to look for Using a variety of criteria, you can search for colleges and universities via  the College Search web page. The sheer amount of search criteria on the page is quite impressive. In fact, this search tool has so many features that it can be easy to miss a valuable search option within the College Board College Search. For your convenience, Ive listed each College Search field below, with a detailed description of what every search tool  does. Test scores and selectivity: Search for schools that accept a certain minimum score on the SAT or in its separate sections (Critical Reading, Math, and writing). You can also search for schools that accept a certain composite score for the ACT. And you can search for schools by selectivity, looking up universities and colleges based on the percentage of applicants that get accepted. Type of school: In this search, you can look for 2-year colleges, 4-year universities, public schools, private schools, and for-profit schools. Furthermore, its possible to look  for colleges and universities based on whether they are coed or single gender, and whether they have a specific religious affiliation. Finally,  you can search for schools by their size, selecting a school that has a certain number of enrolled students. Location: Here, you can search for U.S. schools by region or state. City-based searches are possible if you select a ZIP code and the area around it. (For example, if you wanted to search for schools in greater Columbia, South Carolina, this search tool could be set to find schools 50 miles or less from the ZIP code 29203.) You can even search for colleges and universities in other countries, although the College Search Tools international listings are somewhat limited. Their search currently only features about 50 schools outside of the United States. Campus and housing:  This feature lets  you search for schools by setting rural, suburban or urban. And you can seek out schools with student housing options, such as guaranteed housing for first-year students, co-ed student housing, single-gender student housing, specialized housing for certain types of students (e.g. married students or international students, and so on). Majors and Learning environment:  This search field lets you look for schools based on  types of majors (business, health, art, etc), and on specific majors. The  broader categories of  majors are pre-selected from a drop-down menu, but youll need to type in your own keywords to search for a specific major. Aside from searches for majors, you also can look for schools with specialized courses, such as honors programs, ESL training, double majors, and so on. Finally, you can see if a school offers evening, weekend, or early morning classes by using this search feature. Sports and activities: This search tool lets you look for universities that have a specific sport or extracurricular activity. Sports are indexed  by gender (womens basketball, mens soccer, and so on).  And there are options for non-athletic extracurriculars and opportunities to join a sorority or fraternity. Academic credit:  In this search field, you can see what kinds of credits a school will accept and apply to your degree, either by transfer from other schools or by testing. The academic credit search tool lets you look specifically for schools that accept credits based on AP, CLEP, GED, and community college study. Paying:  The College Board realizes that school isnt always easy to pay for. This search field helps you manage future higher education  costs by looking up schools based on financial support and tuition price ranges. Additional search tools in this section help you locate  schools that offer work study or waive application fees for students with financial need. Support services: This helps you look for the kind of support you may need out of class. You can look for colleges and universities that offer things, such as on-campus child care, tutoring, disability services, etc Diversity: This tool generates school listings  by racial demographics, checking to see if a campus has a certain percentage of minority students. And there are extra options for schools that  specialize in serving African American, Hispanic, or Native American communities. Use the other search tools on Big Future, along with the College Board college search tools In addition to the College Search page, College Board Big Future offers two other search tools. Below, Ill provide a link to each search tool, with a description of the tool and how its used. College Major and Career Search: The majors career search tool lets you look up federal information about different degree majors and the kinds of careers you can have with each major. For majors that provide training for specific jobs (for example, degrees in nursing or film production), the College Board will provide average salary for program graduates as well as a list of common work duties. For any major or career path you look up, there is a link to a custom search on the College Search page. This custom search will show schools that offer coursework and training in subjects and careers youre interested in. College Scholarship Search:  The College Boards College Scholarship Search prompts you to enter personal information, such as age, gender, race, religion, employer, and so on. Based on this information, the search tool then pulls up a list of scholarships you may be eligible for. The takeaway College Boards Big Future website doesnt just provide a college search tool it provides the big picture that should inform your use of that tool. Use the whole Big Future website to research what you want, what you need, and what your path to a college degree might look like. Then use the College Board College Search service to find schools that are right for you. Armed with the information above, you should be able to start playing around with the College Board College search tools yourself, as you look for the perfect schools to apply to.

Essay about The Causes of the Cold War - 1683 Words

The Causes of the Cold War The major world powers named the international confrontation that took place between 1941 and 1991 as the Cold War. The Cold War was so named as there was no military conflict that caused an actual engagement. The United States having military victory at the end of the Second World War ensured that they would lead the European and other States. Giving them foremost position in a world context and leaving the Soviet Union with the remaining sphere of influence in the global power vacuum caused by the Second World War. The Cold War was different and unlike any other hostile international confrontation that had occurred before. It had no clear instigators or open†¦show more content†¦Kennan thought the Soviet Government were very hostile towards western interest and expansionist to the point of eventually reaching world domination. Because of Kennan’s strong beliefs he advocated the termination of any attempt at amiable relations with the USSR. However, he also abandoned any ideas of hostile conflict and was in favour of adopting a policy of containment. In Kennan’s famous Mr. X article [2] he exclaimed that the U.S â€Å"Must continue to regard the Soviet Union as a rival, not a partner† and that the Soviet’s Policies â€Å"Will reflect no abstract love of peace and stability†¦but rather a cautious, persistent pressure towards the disruption and weakening of all rival influence and power.† (Source: Internet). At the time of the article being published, Marxist doctrine was causing anxiety amongst many western leaders with their perceived threat of socialism eventually overtaking capitalism. The Western leaders therefore, may have interpreted this as indicating the Soviets aggressive intentions towards the west (as Kennan did) and then synthesising this threat with the extensive propaganda already available and also with the activities surrounding the official foreign policy at the time, the westernShow MoreRelatedCauses Of The Cold War1396 Words   |  6 PagesThe Cold War was a political, ideological and sometimes indirect military confrontation that took place after the Second World War between the two largest powers in the world: The United States and the Soviet Union. The conflict between these two great powers intensified without a real war on the ground. It was a silent war characterized by both powers in an arms race with the most lethal weapons without actually using these wea pons. That is why that war was known as the Cold War. In this paper,Read MoreCauses Of The Cold War1108 Words   |  5 PagesThe Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union spanned almost half of a century. It led to worldwide fears and anxiety over the possibility of nuclear war and the desolation of mankind. It led to various proxy wars, costing the lives of millions in foreign nations and thousands of American and Soviet soldiers. With so much fear, death, money, and willpower going into the conflict, there must be an easy answer as to what force caused and drove the conflict. However, this topic is notRead MoreCauses Of The Cold War1716 Words   |  7 PagesThe Cold War, a conflict between the United States and Soviet Union, the two global superpowers at the time. Given the name â€Å"Cold War† only for the fact that neither the Soviet Union nor the United States fought directly with one another, instead the war was waged through allies in the form of proxy wars and through increased use of intensive espionage, a never-ending arms race, immense technological competition and on a political forefront as both sides tried to gain the upper hand. The Cold WarRead MoreCauses Of The Cold War984 Words   |  4 Pages The Cold War has lived in infamy in the minds of many people today. The influence of it can be regarded as one of the most terrifying events that could have transpired, and particularly terrifying to its citizens who lived in constant fear of complete annihilation. From the first events to the fall out of a nuclear war, almost all citizens would have no shelter from the devastation of an atomic war. The roots of the Cold War can be found in several main points starting from the Second World WarRead MoreCauses Of The Cold War1388 Words   |  6 PagesLESSON 26 - The Cold War Objectives: Identify the causes for the start of the Cold War Identify key actions taken by the US and the Soviet Union to prepare for war Identify how the Cold War impacted American lifestyle Identify actions taken worldwide between the Cold War combatants The Cold War Begins The Cold War was the state of hostility, without direct military confrontation, between the United States and the Soviet Union. The formation of the United Nations (UN) in 1945Read MoreCauses And Effects Of The Cold War1370 Words   |  6 PagesAbi Amarnath Mrs. Saunders 12 November 2014 English II Causes and Effects of the Cold War Richard Nixon once said of the Cold War that â€Å"the Cold War isn t thawing; it is burning with a deadly heat. 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Economic separation between the Soviets and the west also heightened tensionsRead Morethe cause of the cold war Essay794 Words   |  4 Pagescausing the cold war .After the second world war , the ideological difference ,mutual distrust and the disappearance of the common enemy (germany ) , these all are the causes of the cold war .However ,these comflicts were all brought by the US . Many historians believe that the Cold War was inevitable once the common enemy, Germany, was defeated after the end of World War II. Other historians such as John Gaddis stress that neither superpower can be held solely responsible for the ideological war that lastedRead MoreCauses of the Cold War Essay15 70 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"It is clear that fear, greed and revenge were the major factors that caused the Cold War† How far do you agree with this statement when analyzing the causes of the Cold War up to 1949? The responsibility of the origins of the Cold War often triggers questions among historians yet both powers should be blamed for taking part in it. The origins of the Cold War can often be associated with fear, greed and revenge. Through most analyses, the fault was often given to Stalin’s ambitions to expandRead More Causes of the Cold War Essay741 Words   |  3 PagesCauses of the Cold War In this paper I will discuss what actions and thoughts added up to cause the cold war. The cold war lasted from September 1, 1945 to about December 25, 1991. That is about forty-five years, which is an extremely long time. The cold war was a global competition basically between two sides, the Free World, which was led by the United States of America, and the Communist World led by the Soviet Union. The struggle took place through indirect military conflict, and direct

Social Psychology And Its Effects On Society - 1962 Words

Introduction As we all know marriages and relationships can be very difficult to maintain, but has anyone ever wondered why? After two people stand before everyone important to them in the world and publicly declare that they love each other and intend to remain together for the rest of their lives, everything social psychology has learned about the stability of publicly declared opinions suggests that these will be the most stable opinions of all. Yet of course they aren’t. Despite the almost uniform happiness and optimism of newlyweds, most first marriages will end in divorce or permanent separation (Bramlett Mosher, 2002), and the rate of dissolution for remarriages is even higher (Cherlin, 1992). In most cases, this represents a drastic and unwanted change in a highly valued belief, a change that is emotionally and financially costly to both members of the couple. Financial issues are one reason why people remain in unhappy and unhealthy relationships. Even in marriages that remain i ntact, newlyweds’ initially high levels of marital satisfaction tend to decline over time (VanLaningham, Johnson, Amato, 2001). How can we account for this change? How is it that marital satisfaction declines so frequently, despite our best efforts to hold on to the positive feelings that motivate marriage in the first place? And what is it those couples that maintain their initial happiness are doing right? According to Benjamin R. Karney, when couples in the early years of marriageShow MoreRelatedPsychology And Pursue A Career928 Words   |  4 PagesA few years ago, my future and my goals were clear: I would graduate in 2017 with a Bachelor’s of Science in Psychology and pursue a career in therapeutic counseling. However, my plans were altered after I was exposed to the research side of psychology. I was drawn in by the psychological insight shed on tragedies like the holocaust, why no witnesses helped Kitty Genovese after she had been stabbed, how a rape victim can misremember their assailant, and possible solutions to decrease prejudiced attitudesRead MoreCommunity Psychology and Public Health Approaches to Social Problems1049 Words   |  5 PagesCommunity Psychology and Public Health approaches to Social Problems All change, individual or collective, stems from discontent or dissatisfaction with the status quo. The same is true of mainstream Psychology. The 1940’s through to the mid 1960’s gave rise to CommunityRead MoreThe Study of Human Behavior in Given Situations1613 Words   |  7 PagesPsychology is a social science study that covers diverse subject topics and carries out different forms of research in order to understand the development and function of human beings. It is a scientific study that focuses on peoples mind and its functions especially those affecting behavior in a particular context. Psychology is divided into different branches, and each branch addresses its own form of content in relation to mental processes and behavior. Social psychology is one of the psychologyRead MoreSocial Psychology: The Study of Influences Essay1420 Words   |  6 Pagesthat has been explored. Psychology, or the study of â€Å"why†, has been attempting to answer such questi ons for centuries. Although there are many answers (reflected in the number of schools of psychology), Social psychology attempts to explain the environmental factors that lead to a person behavior. By definition, Social Psychology is â€Å"the study of the manner in which the personality, attitudes, motivations, and behavior of the individual influence and are influenced by social groups† (Merriam-WebsterRead MoreOne of the Main Divisions Between Mainstream and Critical Social Psychology Is That of the Methods Adopted. Discuss with Reference to the Cognitive Social and at Least One Other Social Psychological Perspective.1698 Words   |  7 Pagesbetween mainstream and critical social psychology is that of the methods adopted. Discuss with reference to the cognitive social and at least one other social psychological perspective. Social psychology has existed for about 100 years, before which psychology was a branch of philosophy. Social psychology studies individuals in their social contexts. It is a diverse discipline made up of many theoretical perspectives and variety of different methods are used in social psychological research. Read MoreRace and Ethicity within Sociology959 Words   |  4 Pagesoccurring behind the scenes within our society. Within the subtopic of race, several areas including our current culture, social psychology and the current format of our social institutions allow for the production and often the reproduction of racial discrimination in our day and age. Throughout this course, the various readings and class lectures have been very beneficial when examining the impact that racial discrimination and inequality has on our society. In this paper, I will delve into theRead MoreSocial Psychology Definition Paper1122 Words   |  5 PagesSocial Psychology Definition Paper Sinthia Brye PSY/ 400 August 30, 2010 Joyce Willis Social Psychology Introduction Social psychology it observes as the influence of our situations with special attention on how we view and affect one another. Social psychology perceives the way we think, influence people, and relates to others. 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What is the evidence for these effects, and how might changes in our society affect the likelihood of people acting prosocially? According to Gross (2010) the term prosocial behaviour is used to describe behaviours carried out by individuals intended to benefit others, such as helping, cooperating, comforting, reassuring, defending, sharing, donatingRead MoreSocial Psychology Psy 400757 Words   |  4 PagesSocial Psychology Dawn S. Peck PSY 400 12/22/2014 David Brueshoff Social Psychology What is Social Psychology all about? Why is the study of it so important? Is there truly a purpose and benefit from the findings of the studies? Let’s look at each of these questions, break them down, and try to make sense of it all. Simply defined, Social Psychology is the scientific study of individual attitude and how it effects or influences others in a social context. It is helpful

Monopolistic Competition and Optimum Product Diversity

Question: Discuss about the Monopolistic Competition and Optimum Product Diversity. Answer: Introduction: There are several techniques in the hands of the government to control the production of any specific commodity within the market. To reduce the production of the commodity, the government impose taxes on them. On other hand, the government also imposes quota on the commoditys quantity sold by the producer. Government impose several excise duties and taxes to control the customers consumption. Tax imposition influence the demand and supply part of the market depending on the one who bears the burden of tax. The supply of alcohol and impact of taxation on the same within the economy has been shown by the diagram below and discussed henceforth. From the above drawn diagram, both the scenario has been depicted in which once the supplier is the main tax bearer and in the other the consumer is the main tax bearer. In the left side the demand curve is flatter than the supply curve. In this case the majority of tax burden is borne by the supplier himself. On the right side, the supply curve is flatter than demand curve. Here the burden of the taxes is delivered by the consumer. After the imposition of tax, the consumption pattern of alcohol changes. In economy, the imposition of tax is only depending on the elasticity of the demand and supply curve and the reaction of the consumer to the tax rate (Cowen Tabarrok, 2015). Other than taxation, the government may also impose quota on the price level below which alcohol could not be sold. The effect of such a price bar has been elucidated below: From the above diagram, E is the equilibrium level. The government imposes quota that is charge the minimum price over equilibrium price (at Po). As a result he demand of the quantity supplied is reduced (Qe to Qo). Due to surplus supply in the production of goods, the producer has to face a loss as their products remain unsold. Hence, they start to reduce their level of production and therefore supply curve shifts backward and equilibrium is restored at a point where the new supply curve (SS1) intersects the demand curve. In other words, equilibrium is restored at the price level dictated by the government. Thus from the above discussion it can be said that taxes are better than quota because imposition of taxes has dual benefit. This is because through taxation the government collects more revenue from the market and due to high tax the production and consumption decreases. On other hand, quota reduces the production of alcohol but people started getting adjusted to the high price and market gets cleared without any benefit to the government.he long run is the time period in which all these factors become variable and market are said to operate at their optimum possible level. The situation of the economy in long run under monopolistic competition has been shown through the diagram below and discussed thereafter. As per the given question, the minimum price quoted by the table manufacturer in the long run for selling each unit of table is $200. Monopolistic producer has the motive to earn the maximum possible profit and thereby always decide to sell the quantity dictated by the intersection of MC and MR curve. This is the situation where a monopolist firm is not being able to get or earn super-normal profit. The firm can only remain in business by staying on its respective break-even point. As seen in the diagram above that the minimum point of LRAC curve that is $200 is situated to the right of the intersecting point of MC MR. Hence, it can be said that the firm which is operating in the downward sloping part of its LRAC is charging higher than the price dictated by the minimum point of LRAC. There is existence of excess capacity under monopolistic competition. The reason behind such excess capacity has been shown in the diagram below: The ideal situation would have been production at the point where the LRAC is minimum that is the cost of producing each unit or good is minimum. Under monopolistic competition this point is unattainable as at this point the revenue yield by the firm is lesser than the cost. Therefore, any rational producer never thinks of operating at this point. Since they do not operate at the socially optimum level, therefore there remains excess capacity of the firms to produce more goods in the economy. Oligopoly market is a case of imperfect market. The name has been derived from the Greek word Oligos which means a few and Pollen which means to sell. It is the market where few sellers dominate and control the entire demand of the economy. The primary characteristics of oligopoly market have been discussed below followed by some real world example of oligopoly market in Australia. Number of sellers: The oligopoly market has been characterised with the existence of few sellers. There has been no specific number mentioned to categorise the term few but they should be small enough in number to strongly influence the market. Competition Rigidity in Price: Since there are only a handful firms in the market, each of them faces tough competition from their opponent. Everyone tries their best to maximize the level of profit earned by them and tries to influence the market price of the goods sold. On other hand, the changes in price are always avoided due to the restriction possessed by other competitors. Interdependence: There exists strong degree of interdependence amongst the firms in oligopoly market. This is because due to existence of very few firm, the decision of one firm affects the others. Usually it has been observed that the players decide upon the price via collusion. Uniformity Issues: There exists issues in uniformity within oligopoly as some firms are potentially big whereas some are very small compared to them. Barriers: There is existence of rigidity in the market. Any firm which wishes to enter the market has to face strong opposition from the existing firms. The barrier to exit is lesser than the barrier to enter the market. Three real world example of monopolistic competition in the Australian economy are their banking sector, super market chains and the pharmaceutical industry. The reason behind categorising them under oligopolistic competition is given as follows: Pharmaceutical industry: There is existence of only a few pharmaceutical industries as compared to the number of consumers. This is because there has been a natural barrier to entry poised by the high cost associated with this industry. On other hand, the barriers are also created by the pharmaceutical giants in order to maintain their position. Few such giants operating in Australian economy are Pfizer, Alphapharm, GSK and Sanofi-Aventis. Supermarket chains: Australia is the home of few supermarket giants like Aldi, Woolsworth and Coles. They have the responsibility of catering to the lions share demand for FMCGs in Australia. They often have price wars amongst them whereby each wants to attract their customer base by reducing their price and consequently everyone ends up selling at low price. Banking sector: Almost 90% of Australias financial decision is controlled by the big 4 banks of the nation namely ANZ, NAB, WBC and CBA. Since they hold the majority power, hence this industry in Australia falls under oligopolistic competition. Monopolistic competition is the market where there is existence of multiple numbers of firms each engaged with selling the same product. The products of monopolistic firms are not identical in nature. The market structure and characteristics of this firm is given as follows: Barriers: There is lack of stringency in the market with regards to the entry and exit. The firms with the motive of earning super-normal profit enter the market and whenever they cannot earn the profit, they try to leave the market. Buyers and Sellers: There are several producers in monopolistic market as compared to the oligopolistic market. Each producer has certain hold on the price-output decision of the economy. Knowledge: The monopolistic market has always been engulfed with deficiency in knowledge and lack of information. This makes the producers unaware of the exact taste of the people and the consumers remain unaware of the different variety of products available in the market. There are several products that falls under monopolistic market. Three such products that fall under monopolistic market and is a part of Australia are coffee, cereals and restaurants. Coffee: This globally acknowledged beverage can be consumed either when it is hot or when it is cold. In addition, there are several varieties of coffee to choose from. On other hand, multiple numbers of coffee shops exists in the market each quoting the price of their product in accordance with peoples demand. Restaurant: There are umpteen numbers of big and small restaurants in the Australian economy each working with the same purpose of catering food. Most of them cater a wide range of foods for their consumer to choose from thereby bringing in product differentiation. Cereals: The cereals that people consume for breakfast are available in a wide range of variety. It depends on the consumer whichever they want to eat. On other hand, the producer always try to bring in more variety in the market in order to kkep pace with the changing demand and attract more consumer. Duopoly is that market where the two sellers supply or serve to the consumer within a particular region. It gives them the power to control the price of commodities sold and gives shape the consumers demand. It is the simple type of oligopoly. Natural duopoly exists when two firms sustain in the market and the entry of the third firm is barred by the already existing firm and the huge cost associated with the entry. The features of natural duopoly are as follows: Existence of only two firms: Duopoly market is that when two firms take power to control the demand of the whole market for a specific commodity. Other firms that are present in the market have no power to control the quantity produced in the market and its price. Seller agreement: Under the market both the seller can take independent decision. There is no such agreement regarding the charged prices or the produced quantity of goods and services. Influence: When the two sellers are affected by the opponents decision and they thought that their partner is not influenced by them is the duopoly form. Here both the sellers predict the decision that their opponent would take and they execute their decision accordingly. In the above diagram the red coloured line is the market demand under natural duopoly. It is formed by the two intersecting blue lines which highlights the reaction function of the two firms. Entry into the market of duopoly by the new firms has always been kept at bay by the existing firms and even at times the restrictions are imposed by the government. Often it has been observed that the existing firms goes into collusion and decides upon the commodity price such that they can maximize their profits (Mankiw, 2014). On other hand if any other firms try to enter the market they are going to face a heavy loss and because of that steps back from entering. Entry of new firms are often restricted by the government if it can be found that the existing firm has comparative advantage and is able to meet the market demand. References: Baumol, W. J., Blinder, A. S. (2015).Microeconomics: Principles and policy. Cengage Learning. Bernanke, B., Antonovics, K., Frank, R. (2015).Principles of macroeconomics. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Cowen, T., Tabarrok, A. (2015).Modern Principles of Microeconomics. Palgrave Macmillan. Mankiw, N. G. (2014).Principles of macroeconomics. Cengage Learning. Morrow, J., Dhingra, S. (2014). Monopolistic competition and optimum product diversity under firm heterogeneity.Journal of Political Economy. Nikaido, H. (2015).Monopolistic Competition and Effective Demand.(PSME-6). Princeton University Press. Pigou, A. C. (2013).The economics of welfare. Palgrave Macmillan. Rios, M. C., McConnell, C. R., Brue, S. L. (2013).Economics: Principles, problems, and policies. McGraw-Hill. Schwager, J. D., Etzkorn, M. (2017). Supply?Demand Analysis: Basic Economic Theory.A Complete Guide to the Futures Market: Technical Analysis and Trading Systems, Fundamental Analysis, Options, Spreads, and Trading Principles, 359-371.

The Theory of Human Caring Essay Example

The Theory of Human Caring Paper Jean Watson’s Theory of Human Caring represents a dramatic paradigm shift, and as a result, it has been a source of great controversy since its introduction. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the comprehension of the theory, the implications of caring, and the application of the theory to practice in an attempt to show that the Theory of Human Caring is valuable to the nursing profession. Sources include published literature, including the work of Jean Watson. Jean Watson’s Theory of Human Caring: Is It Valuable to the Profession of Nursing? Jean Watson’s Theory of Human Caring represents a dramatic paradigm shift, and as a result, it has been a source of great controversy since its introduction. It is still a relatively new theory, with the first publication in 1979 in Watson’s book Nursing: The Philosophy and Science of Caring. Possibly due to its newness, there is still much debate over the ease of comprehension of her work, the implications of caring within her theory, and whether her theory is applicable to nursing practice in today’s world of advanced technology and budget cuts. We will write a custom essay sample on The Theory of Human Caring specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Theory of Human Caring specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Theory of Human Caring specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This paper will explore each of these issues regarding the theory, and attempt to demonstrate that Watson’s Theory of Human Caring definitely has a place in nursing practice today. A Summary of Jean Watson’s Theory of Human Caring Jean Watson views nursing as an art and a science, which has the goal of preserving the worth of humankind through the process of caring. Caring is seen as the essence of nursing and a moral ideal: Caring†¦has to become a will, an intention, a commitment, and a conscious judgment that manifests itself in concrete acts. Human care, as a moral ideal, also transcends the act and goes beyond the specific act of an individual nurse and produces collective acts of the nursing profession that have important consequences for human civilization (Watson, 1988, p. 32). Also, Watson stresses the subjectivity of the human experience, and uses the term phenomenal field to describe a person’s individual frame of reference, which is influenced by past experiences and can never be truly known by another person. Anotheraspect of Watson’s theory is transpersonal caring, in which nurse and patient coparticipate in the goal of achieving health (Watson, 1988, p. 70). Watson (1988) defines health as harmony between mind, body and soul, and illness as a subjective disharmony between mind, body, and soul. As well, integral to Watson’s theory are the 10 carative factors that serve as a â€Å"framework for providing a structure and order for nursing phenomena† (Watson, 1997, p. 50). The 10 carative factors are as follows: 1) Humanistic-altruistic system of values 2) Faith-hope 3) Sensitivity to self and others 4) Helping-trusting, human care relationship 5) Expressing positive and negative feelings 6) Creative problem-solving caring process 7) Transpersonal teaching-learning 8) Supportive, protective, and/or corrective mental, physical, societal, and spiritual environment 9) Human needs assistance 10) Existential-phenomenological-spiritual forces. All of this is presupposed by a knowledge base and clinical competence (Watson, 1988, p. 75). Watson (1988) believes that nursing must separate itself from the reductionistic views of the traditional science medical paradigm and focus on movement towards a human science nursing paradigm. Watson also readily acknowledges that her theory is a work in progress, and she â€Å"invites participants to co-create the model’s furtheremergence† (Watson, 1997, p. 52). This is in accordance with her theory in that she believes that everything is in an unending process of becoming (Watson, 1988). Discussion of The Theory of Human Caring Comprehension Watson’s Theory of Caring has been influenced by a variety of disciplines outside of nursing. For example, Watson (1997) acknowledged that aspects of psychology, existential-phenomenological philosophy, and metaphysics helped to mold her theory. As a result, authors such as Cohen (1991) and Barnhart et al. (as cited in McCance, McKenna, Boore, 1999) believe that one must have background knowledge of these disciplines in order to fully understand Watson’s theory. Furthermore, it has been suggested that nurses may not possess this knowledge (McCance et al. , 1999), which may make the theory less appealing. To expand, McKenna (as cited in McCance et al. , 1999) stated that â€Å"theory should be easily understood if it is to gain the attention and commitment of hard pressed clinicians† (p. 1393). However, it must be stated that nurses should not be viewed as incapable of acquiring knowledge in disciplines such as psychology and philosophy. As well, the application of Watson’s theory in a variety of different areas of nursing (which will be discussed later in this paper) suggests that nurses have been able to utilize the theory successfully, regardless of educational background. Watson has also been criticized for using language and concepts in her model that are difficult to understand (Barker Reynolds, as cited in Sourial, 1996), which has the potential to limit the theory’s success. Sourial (1996) found that Watson frequently substituted different terms for the same idea without explanation, leading to confusion (i. e. , caring transaction, caring moment and caring occasion are equivalent terms). Sourial(1996) suggested that using â€Å"consistent terminology†¦[and] additional diagrams would help to clarify and make her [Watson’s] theory more concise† (p. 403). Conversely, Walker (1996) argued that Watson â€Å"explain[s] abstract phenomena by using ordinary language in extraordinary ways† (p. 992), and that she â€Å" weaves concepts and ideas together with the elegant simplicity of a work of literature† (p. 993). Furthermore, students of the College of Nursing in London who were taught to use the Theory of Human Caring, â€Å"found the language in Watson’s model difficult, describing it as ‘American’ at first, but they were quickly able to find examples from their experience and use Watson’s concepts skillfully and fluently† (Allan, 1996, p. 43). It is easy to see from the above sources that the perceived difficulty of Watson’s language is a subjective experience.